The Design of Pixelated SIW Horn Antennas With Nearly Equal Beamwidths Using Binary Ink Stamp Optimization

In this paper, linearly and circularly polarized single-layer Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) horn antennas with nearly equal half power beamwidths in principal planes for the 24 GHz ISM band are designed. The uniqueness of solution lies application a pixelated structure to design these SIW antennas. For design, novel heuristic algorithm called Binary Ink Stamp Optimization is proposed. At first, ability proposed proved over fifteen benchmark functions compared results six state-of-the-art optimization algorithms. Then, exploited part manufactured using low-cost 3D printing technology. experimental prove that antenna has reflection coefficient below −18 dB whole band. center frequency band, gain 14.2 dBi, level side lobes −15 E H-planes. addition, H-plane 26.5° 25°, respectively. radiates right-hand (RHCP) wave, coefficient, axial ratio −12 3 8.9 dBi −7.4 both planes. Further, 30.6° 33.4°,